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Incubus

“Incubus” 有两个层面的含义:

  1. 传说中: 指一种在睡眠中压迫受害者的男性恶魔(与之对应的女性恶魔是 succubus)。
  2. 现代隐喻: 形容任何让人感到极度沉重、压抑或像噩梦般纠缠的事物或人。它常用于形容沉重的债务、挥之不去的阴影或巨大的心理压力。
  1. “The high interest rates on his debt became an incubus that he couldn’t escape.” (他债务的高利息成了他无法逃脱的沉重负担。)
  2. “She described the memory of the accident as an incubus haunting her dreams.” (她将那次事故的记忆描述为纠缠她梦境的噩梦。)
  3. “The dictator’s regime was an incubus that weighed heavily on the nation for decades.” (独裁者的政权是数十年来沉重压在国民身上的枷锁。)

“Incubus” 源自晚期拉丁语 “incubus”。

  • 前缀: “in-” 意为“在……之上”。
  • 词根: “-cub-” 来源于拉丁语 “cubare”,意为“躺下”(如 “incubation”, “succumb”, “cube”)。
  • 字面意思就是“躺在上面的东西”。
  • 后缀: “-us”,拉丁语名词词尾。

在欧洲中世纪和文艺复兴时期的迷信中,人们用 “incubus” 来解释睡眠瘫痪症(Sleep Paralysis,俗称“鬼压床”)。当人们在半梦半醒间感到胸口沉重、无法动弹时,就会认为是恶灵坐在他们身上。瑞士画家亨利·富塞利(Henry Fuseli)的著名油画《梦魇》(The Nightmare)就生动地描绘了一个坐在睡眠女性身上的小恶魔形象。

  • 复数形式: “incubi”。
  • 对应女性词: “succubus”。

联想 “incubation”(孵化 —— 鸟坐在蛋上)。“Incubus” 也是“坐在某物上”的东西。想象一个沉重的东西坐在你胸口让你喘不过气来,这就是 “incubus”。

“For years, the secret of his past mistake was an incubus on Peter’s mind. He couldn’t enjoy his success because he was always afraid someone would find out. It felt like a heavy weight pressing on his chest every night. Only when he finally confessed the truth did that incubus vanish, leaving him feeling light and free for the first time in a decade.” (多年来,他过去错误的秘密一直是彼得心头的一个重担。他无法享受成功,因为他总是担心有人会发现。每晚都感觉像有一块重物压在他胸口。直到他最终坦白了真相,那个阴影才消失,让他十年来第一次感到轻松和自由。)