Required
“required” 说明规则、课程或系统对某事物提出硬性需求;作前置定语时常译作“必修的、必备的”,语气比 needed 更正式。
- “A passport is required for international travel.” (国际旅行需要护照。)
- “Students must complete all required readings before the seminar.” (学生必须在研讨会前完成所有指定阅读。)
- “The form required two signatures from managers.” (表格需要两位经理签字。)
“require” 源自拉丁语 requirere(寻找、需要),re- + quaerere(询问、寻求);过去分词作形容词用法很常见。
require + -ed;名词 requirement 另见词条,前缀 re- 在此保留“再寻求”的历史色彩。
职场与合规语境 “legally required” 强调强制性;软件表单 “required fields” 已成为全球用户界面通用说法。
- 固定搭配: “required course” (必修课), “as required” (按需)
quire 像 query:缺了它就会被系统“追问”,所以是 required。
“The job posting clearly stated that coding tests were required for every applicant.” (招聘启事写明每位申请者都必须参加编程测试。)