Suffered
“Suffered” 指经历痛苦、损失或逆境，如 “The city suffered heavy flooding.”（这座城市遭受严重洪灾。）也可指健康状况变差，如 “His grades suffered.”（他的成绩下滑了。）
- “Many families suffered during the economic downturn.” (经济下行期许多家庭陷入困境。)
- “She suffered a knee injury in the match.” (她在比赛中膝盖受伤。)
- “Quality suffered when the team was understaffed.” (人手不足时质量就下降了。)
“Suffer” 来自拉丁语 sufferre（承受、忍受），sub- + ferre（携带）。
suf-（= sub-，在下）+ fer（携带）→ suffer；-ed 表过去。名词 suffering。
新闻常用 “suffered casualties”（出现伤亡）；医疗 “patient suffered a stroke” 为正式表述；心理 “suffered in silence” 指默默承受。
- 原形: suffer
- 名词: suffering
- 固定搭配: “suffered from” (患有；遭受), “suffered a loss” (遭受损失), “long-suffering” (长期忍耐的)
suf- 在下承受 + fer 扛：suffered = 已经扛过一段苦。
“The small shop suffered after the main road closed, but reopened when traffic returned.” (主干道封闭后小店生意受挫，车流恢复后又好了起来。)